HINDU ART

Hinduism and Hindu Art

In Hindu View, there are four goals that each human being should aspire for. Hinduism is a religion that had no single founder. Hindu religion is said to not have a single founder, but more emphasis on the god Vishnu, Siva and Sakthi.

God is often depicted with multiple arms that symbolizes the power to destroy the evil and the devil represented by various symbols representing evil.Siva god has three faces, but the most important character is the face in the middle, while the face on the edge of the feeling.

HINDU TEMPLE.
Examples of Hindu architecture is Angkor Wat, Angkor Wat can be found in Khmer. Khmer kingdom was founded by King Jayavarman I which it is closely related to India. Angkor Wat has carved luxury. 
On the outside and on the porch with carved figural sculpture. Carving sculptures on walls of Angkor have women and couples who symbolizes affection known as mithuras. Carved in the wall depicts the story as the epic Ramayana and Mahabrata. Angkor Wat is shaped mountain, or more known as 'mountain tample' pyramids. 
Angkor Wat architecture has 8 turrets that surround a large pyramid-inspired mountain Mahameru. Mahameru peak known as Hon of Gold or gold mountain refers to the most holy place. 
8 stone towers that surround the pyramid is a symbol of the king's guards and Hindu monks. Carving displays the bodies of legendary images of Vishnu and the king who united with God. 
Apsara dancer carved the image of the god is not only entertaining but cozy up points symbolize heaven situations. 

Carvings on the walls is also a legal system based on the concept of Hinduism Dharama (spiritual) and the concept of Artha (physical). for example, there are 33 types of punishment for offenders and prisoners are beheaded

Ardhanarishvara (Composite of Shiva and Parvati), Pre–Angkor period, 7th–8th century
Cambodia
Bronze; H. 29 1/2 in. (74.9 cm)
Gift of Enid A. Haupt, 1993 (1993.387.4)

SOURCE ; http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1993.387.4

BUDDHIST ART

Buddhism and Buddhist Art

Teachings of Buddhism was founded by Sidharta Gautama  in the 6th century BC. he was born in the tribe Shaka. He has a son. He left the life as a nobleman and had spent many years to meditating under Bodhi tree. Buddhist teachings is the oldest religion. According to Buddhist teachings, the man himself is in the highest position and the man is master of himself. Buddhism offers freedom to his followers. Release itself depends on self-awareness.

BOROBUDUR

Word Borobudur is a combination of the words bore (village) and Budur (temple). It was erected by Mahayana Buddhism around the year 800's. Borobudur has 4 floors oval, 3-coil, and one main stupa as a peak. Stupa shaped like a bell. It has 72 statues and consists of 5 floors. The stupa decorated with carved sculptures. There is a statue on the wall reflects the law of karma. Borobudur represents 10 bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha. Foot of Borobudur represents the world kamadhatu low libido. 4 floors with wall reliefs on it named rupadhatu which means the world to break free from lust. While the floor to the 5 to 7 or Arupadhatu which means people are free. Highest level reflects the absence wuduj. Lanes bounded by walls around the temple is a place for conducting religious ceremonies.

CHRISTIAN ART

Christianity and Christian Art

Christians and Jews share many of the Hebrew scriptures and Jewish understanding of art is an essential ingredient in Christian art heritage. Historically, the emergence of Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire, the subsequent development of the arts, especially in the West has been closely linked with Christianity. Theologically there continues to be a strong reason why the arts can play important role in the life of the Church. Creation story speaks of what God made as well, with the man made in the image of God. that defining narrative of the Church is Jesus Christ. Christians believe that through the life, death and resurrection of Jesus, God's unique join in this world, in Jesus; the fullness of God's presence is to be found. seen through the eyes of the Christian world can be a celebration of the physical properties of God and the art of becoming a special and specific way partnership in the creative work of God. Just as the physical properties of the world can talk of God's nature, so a work of art can bring the audience or participants in the encounter with the presence or quality of God

The Art and The Church

Christian churches of various denominations spectrum 
covering a wide range of beliefs and practices. Studies show that every denomination would embrace art in 
a slightly different way, with one or more art forms wider than 
others in the life of the Church. 
Except the Roman Catholic Church, had no denomination 
issue specific guidance, direction or prohibition of any specific art form 
or general practice in the art. Relationship between Christianity and the Arts can 
categorized in three ways: 
• artists deep Christian faith influence their work 
Historically this has always been a strong creative heritage of the church, and 
some of the greatest art comes from those who supported 
Christianity. 
• participation in the arts by Christians who enjoy the arts in 
the broader context of the amateur and professional, to participate in 
music, drama, arts, crafts and other
• the arts as a tool to engage with contemporary Worshippers

Christianity and The Art Form

Christianity has a very open platform for discussion on the participating in and 
attending arts activity. The religion encourages Decisions on a personal level 

influenced by personal conscience and taste.Christianity allows representation of key religious figures in all art forms.There has always been strong tradition of painting in the Church, with the 
Church often acting as Patron. The popularity of the 'Seeing Salvation' 
exhibition in 2000 is evidence of the long history of the visual arts in the 
Church, and the interest in them. 
There is no difficulty with figurative representation, and it is acceptable to 
portray key figures in a diverse way. One example is the recent exhibition 
called 'Jesus laughing and loving' where portrayals of Jesus range from South 
American Peasant to an ice skater. Many Christians enjoyed this and found it 
Their insightful to faith. However, there will always be a continuum of what is 
acceptable and what is controversial. 

CEILING PAINTING

ISLAMIC ART

Islam and Islamic Art

Islam is a religion revealed by Allah to mankind without distinction of nationality derived from the Quran, the Sunnah and the consensus of scholars. Islam is the religion of truth (waqi'e) and best of human nature, in all places, times and situations to suit the taste, needs, traits, desires, passions, feelings and minds of men.

Principles (features) of Islamic Art

1 Lifting human dignity by not leaving human values ​​and environmental values ​​and universal. Environmental galleries, while men become nurturing artists of all artistic elements to bow down and submit to the pleasure of Allah.

2 Putting the question of morality and truth touching aspects of aesthetics, human, moral and others.

3 Islamic Art connects beauty as a value depending on the overall validity of Islam itself. According to Islam, the arts of the highest value is the drive towards piety, kema'rufan, validity, and its sound.

4 Islamic Art radiating from the revelation of God, as God's law and syariah. This means that it should be under the ambit and regulations revelation. This distinguishes Islamic art with Islamic art is not.

5 Islamic Art connects people to God, the environment and human well being

Painting and Sculpture (Sculpture)

arts of painting and sculpture as well as fine art dkenali. Miscellaneous goods produced art to jewelry made ​​of gold, tree and stone carvings expensive and delicate ENI This is also available on home furniture, dishes, books coolies, tile, porcelain, doors, tombs, ivory and others. Fine art is also available in the following objects such as wood and metal among many available at the time of Fatimid government. Selected metals are usually colored gold, silver and copper coins on the eyes for example, a kettle, a water bottle, pitcher, stove and brown helmet.

Ula art during the reign of Caliph Muawiyah in Damascus and it biasnya appear on the pages of a Quran safhah decorated with patterns of Islamic art gallery bunga.Seni generally limited to painting the natural beauty and does not include inanimate objects.

 Architecture.

 place of worship as the most important feature of a city.

In terms of the internal and external structure of the mosque, some things can dilhat asek especially from the pulpit, Qiblah, where the priest, a erkumpul, tang and the main pillar, anjug and foyer, sanctuary, where ablutions, chanting muezzin call to prayer tower, dome and other -other again. 

The four basic components of Islamic ornament are calligraphy, vegetal patterns, geometric patterns, figural representation.

ISLAMIC ART IN THE EARLY PERIOD

SOURCE : http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/

http://arthistoryresources.net/ARTHislamic.html

HISTORY OF SCULPTURE

SCULPTURE

• IT IS A HOLLOW AND SOLID MATERIAL
• THE GREEK WAS THE FIRST TO MADE IT AND THE ROM CONTINUES IT
• IT CAN BE A RELIEF SCULPTURE WHERE IT HAS STAND OR IT IS ON THE WALL
• IT ALSO CAN BE HIGH RELIEF
• THE GREEK AND ROM SCULPTURE HAS THEIR DIFFERENCES
• THE GREEK SCULPTURE IS BASED ON THE MYTH OR GODS
• WHILE THE ROM IS BASED ON THEIR EMPEROR
   
  THIS EXAMPLE OF GREEK SCULPTURE
   
  THIS IS EXAMPLE OF ROMAN SCULPTURE
  
  
  • THERE ARE SOME TECHNIC THAT BEEN USED IN THE MAKING OF SCULPTURE

  1. Modeling

     • Modeling is a process in which the artist uses a soft, pliable material such as wax, clay or plaster that is gradually built up and shaped until the desired form is attained. Unlike carving, modeling is an additive method, as the sculptor is continually adding material to the form. The material will typically be constructed atop some sort of metal frame or skeleton to lend support to the soft material, so it will be able to maintain its shape.

     Assembling

     • Assembly is the most modern sculpting technique. In assembly, the artist will take existing materials and attach them together in some fashion, with the resulting combination of materials forming the sculpture. Sculptures created through this process typically use found objects, such as scrap metal pieces that are welded together. Among the most renowned sculptors to work with this method is American artist Robert Rauschenberg, who was known to pick up trash he found while walking through New York City, bring it back to his studio and integrate these objects into his sculptures. He called these sculptures "combines," such as his 1959 work entitled "Monogram," which consisted of a stuffed goat, a tire, a police barrier, the heel of a shoe and a tennis ball.

  Casting

  • In the casting process, an artist creates a sculpture from a soft, malleable substance such as wax, plaster or clay. This sculpture will serve as the model that will be encased in plaster, silica or some other substance to make a cast. Eventually, a fireproof cast is produced that can be filled with molten metal such as bronze. When the metal cools, the result is a metal version of the original sculpture. The major benefit of casting is that the artist may be able to produce multiple copies of the sculpture using the same cast.

  Carving

  • Carving is the process of creating a sculpture by cutting or chipping a form from a solid mass of material using some sort of chisel or carving tool. Because material is taken away from the mass, carving is known as a subtractive method of sculpture. The most common materials used in carving sculptures are stone and wood. In fact, most sculptures throughout history were made using this method. Michelangelo's David, perhaps the most famous sculpture in history, was carved from a block of solid marble.